CIVILIZATIONS RETREAT
AS WELL AS ADVANCE

The Advanced Art in Caves

An example of the wall frescoes discovered in the caves
at Lascaux. It is clear that this picture could not be the
work of a primitive human being who had only just parted
ways with apes. |
Evolutionists maintain that some 30-40,000 years ago in Europe,
and in a rather earlier period in Africa, so-called ape-like humans
experienced a sudden process of transition, and suddenly acquired
the ability to think and produce things, just like modern human
beings. This is because archaeological findings from that period
offer significant evidence that the theory of evolution cannot
explain. According to Darwinist claims, the technology of stone
implements, which had remained unchanged for almost 200,000 years,
was suddenly replaced by a more advanced and rapidly developing
hand-crafted technology. So-called primitive man, who had descended
from the trees and begun to modernize only shortly before, suddenly
developed artistic talents and began carving or painting pictures
of extraordinary beauty and sophistication on cave walls and produced
exceedingly beautiful decorative objects such as necklaces and
bracelets.
What happened to cause such development? How
and why did “primitive
hominids” acquire such artistic ability? Evolutionist scientists
have no explanation as to how this might have come about, though
they do propose various hypotheses. The evolutionist Roger Lewin
describes the difficulties Darwinists face on this subject in his
book The Origin of Modern Humans: “Perhaps because
the still incomplete archeological record is equivocal at best,
scholars respond to these questions in very different ways.”5
However, the archaeological findings reveal that man has had a
cultural understanding for as long as he has existed. From time
to time, that understanding may have advanced, retreated, or undergone
abrupt changes. But that does not mean that any evolutionary process
took place, rather that cultural developments and changes
occurred. The appearance of works of art that evolutionists describe
as “sudden,” doesn’t demonstrate any biological
human progress (especially not in terms of intellectual ability).
People at the time may have experienced various societal changes,
and their artistic and productive understanding may have altered,
but this does not constitute evidence of any transition from the
primitive to the modern.

If the present-day conception art were to be evaluated in
the light of evolutionist preconceptions by later generations,
then very different opinions about our society might result.
The evolutionists of the future might look at the works of
Pablo Picasso or Salvador Dali, or other surrealists, and
suggest that people in our day were really rather primitive.
However, that would totally fail to reflect the true facts
Left: An image by Salvador Dali
Right: Exploding Clock,
Salvador Dali
Middle: Man with a Pipe, Pablo Picasso
Guitar, Pablo Picasso
|
The contradiction between archaeological remains
left by people in the past and the anatomical and biological
remains that should exist—according to evolutionists—once again invalidates
Darwinist claims on this subject. (For detailed evidence that scientifically
demolishes the supposed human family tree, which is Darwinism’s
fundamental claim, see Darwinism Refuted by Harun Yahya.)
Evolutionists claim that humans’ cultural development must
be directly proportional to biological development. For example,
men must first express their emotions through simple drawings,
then develop these further until their gradual development eventually
reaches a peak of artistic achievement. However, early artistic
remains from human history totally undermine that assumption. The
cave paintings, carvings and reliefs widely regarded as the first
examples of art, prove that human beings of that era possessed
a very superior aesthetic understanding.
Scientists carrying out research in caves evaluate
these pictures as some of the most important and valuable works
in the history of art. The shading in these pictures, the use
of perspective and the fine lines employed, the depth of feeling
expertly reflected in the reliefs, and the aesthetic patterns
that emerge as the sunlight strikes the carvings—are all
features that evolutionists are unable to explain because, according
to the Darwinist view, such a development should have emerged
very much later.
Many cave paintings found in France, Spain,
Italy, China, India, in parts of Africa and various other regions
of the world provide important information about mankind’s
past cultural structure. The style and coloring techniques employed
in these pictures are of such quality as to astonish researchers.
Even so, Darwinist scientists evaluate these pictures through
their own prejudices, interpreting these works in a biased manner
so as to fit in with their evolutionary fairy tales. They claim
that beings who had yet to attain the status of modern man drew
pictures of animals they either feared or hunted, and did so
in the exceedingly primitive conditions of the caves in which
they lived. Yet the techniques these works employ show that their
artists possessed a very deep understanding, and were able to
depict it in a most impressive manner.
The painting techniques employed also show that they did not live
under primitive conditions at all. In addition, these paintings
on cave walls are no evidence that people of the time lived in
those caves. The artists may have lived in elaborate shelters nearby,
but chose to create their images on the cave walls. With what emotions
and thoughts they selected what to represent is something known
only to the artist. Much speculation has been produced regarding
these pictures, of which the most unrealistic interpretation is
that they were made by beings who were still in a primitive state.
Indeed, a report published on the BBC’s Science web page
on 22 February, 2000, contained the following lines regarding cave
paintings:
. . . we have always marvelled at them, but thought that they
were made by primitive people . . . But according to two scientists
working in South Africa, this view of the ancient painters is totally
wrong. They believe the paintings are evidence of a complex and
modern society.6

Wall paintings discovered in Algeria and dating back some
9,000 years.
Bison reliefs in the Tuc d’Audoubert Cave.
Pictures reflect the artistic understanding
of the artist. Yet looking at these pictures and then drawing
conclusions regarding what the people of the time ate,
the kind of conditions they lived in and what their social
relationships were like, and then to maintain that these
comments are absolutely accurate, is an unscientific approach.
The way that evolutionists obstinately continue to describe
the people of the time as primitive is a result of their
prejudiced attitudes. The figures in this picture can be
seen to be wearing thick, ridged cloth. This shows that,
contrary to what evolutionists claim, people at the time
were not savages, wandering around half naked. |
If many of our present-day artworks were to
be analyzed with the same logic in thousands of years’ time,
a number of debates might arise over whether 21st-century society
was a primitive tribal one or an advanced civilization. If undamaged
pictures by modern artists were discovered, 5,000 years on, and
if no written documentation regarding the present day had survived,
what would people of the future think about our own age?
If people of the future discovered works by
Van Gogh or Picasso and judged them from an evolutionist perspective,
how would they regard our modern society? Would the landscapes
of Claude Monet inspire comments like “Industry had not yet developed, and
people led an agricultural way of life,” or comments along
the lines of “People still unable to read or write communicated
by way of exaggerated blocks of color”? Would the abstract
pictures of Wassily Kandinsky lead them to any insights about our
present-day society?
The Superior Painting Technique in Cave Art
In the French Pyrenees, the Niaux Cave is filled with most impressive
pictures drawn by people who lived in prehistoric times. Carbon
dating performed on these paintings show that they were completed
around 14,000 years ago. The Niaux Cave paintings were discovered
in 1906 and have been examined in great detail ever since. The
most decorated portion of the cave is a side chamber formed by
a high cavity, in a dark section known as the Salon Noir. In his
book The Origin of Modern Humans, Roger Lewin makes the
following comment about this section, with its images of bison,
horses, deer and ibexes: "... arranged in panels and giving
the impression of foresight and deliberation in their execution." 7

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The Niaux Cave, a picture of a bison
The paints used in the cave paintings were made from a mixture
that even a student of chemistry and university would find
it hard to produce. These paint compounds have very complex
formulae and can only be obtained by chemical engineers in
laboratories. It is clear that paints obtained by the use
of such materials as talc, baryte, potassium feldspar and
biotite require a detailed chemical knowledge. It is impossible
to describe such people as “newly developed.”
|
 |
In this picture the artist
has produced a three-dimensional image. This is a technique
that only people well trained in art can use, and it is beyond
many people. |
The people who produced the cave paintings
that go back as far as 35,000 BC used paints that contained
such chemicals and substances as manganese oxide, iron oxide,
iron hydroxide, and dentine ash (the inner part of the teeth
in vertebrates, consisting of collagen and calcium). If you
were to ask someone who had not received training in chemistry
to produce any one of the paints used in these pictures they
would not know which chemical to use, where and how to get
hold of it, and which chemicals needed to be mixed together.
In addition, it appears that as well as having a knowledge
of chemistry, the people of the time were also well-informed
with regard to animal anatomy. One indication of this is
the way they made use of collagen and calcium powder in the
teeth of vertebrate animals.
|
The picture of the horse at the bottom right is one of the
paintings in the Niaux Cave. Research has shown that the
picture is some 11,000 years old. The close resemblance between
the horse in the picture and those living in the region today
is noteworthy in revealing the ability of the artist. It
is clear that whoever made the picture had a highly developed
artistic sense. The fact that the paintings in question were
made on cave walls is very definitely not evidence that the
people in question lived primitive lives. There is a high
probability that they used these walls as their canvas solely
out of personal preference. |
One important element about these pictures that has attracted
the most interest of scientists is the painting technique employed.
Research has shown that the artists obtained special compounds
by mixing natural and local ingredients. No doubt that this indicates
an ability to think, plan and produce far beyond the reach of any
beings still in a primitive state. Lewin describes this painting
technique thus:
The painting materials—pigments and mineral extenders—were
carefully selected by Upper Paleolithic people and ground to within
5 to 10 micrometers to produce a specific mix. The black pigment,
as had been suspected, was charcoal and manganese dioxide. But
the real interest was in the extenders, of which there seemed to
be four distinct recipes, which the researchers number one through
four. Extenders help to bring out the color of the pigment and,
as their name implies, add bulk to the paint without diluting the
color. The four recipes for extenders used at Niaux were talc;
a mixture of baryte and potassium feldspar; potassium feldspar
alone; and potassium feldspar mixed with an excess of biotite.
Clottes and his colleagues experimented with some of these extenders
and found them to be extremely effective. 8
This highly advanced technique is evidence that no being that
can be described as primitive ever existed in the past. Ever since
Man first came into existence, he has been a superior being, with
the ability to think, speak, reason, understand, analyze, plan
and produce. It is completely irrational and illogical to claim
that people who used extender to color their paintings and who
successfully mixed such substances as talc, baryte, potassium feldspar
and biotite to obtain such extenders had only recent parted ways
with apes and become civilized.
The Works Found in the Blombos Cave
Again Demolish the Human-Evolution Scenario!
Discoveries during excavations in the Blombos Caves on the coast
of South Africa once again overturned the scenario of human evolution.
The Daily Telegraph covered the story under the headline “Stone
Age Man Wasn’t So Dumb.” Various newspapers and magazines
also carried the story, stating that “theories about prehistoric
man need to be completely changed.” For example, BBC
News reported that, “Scientists say the discovery shows
that modern ways of thinking developed far earlier than we think.”9

The beads and various decorative objects shown above, which
were found in the Blombos Caves, reveal that the people of
the time had an understanding of beauty, a knowledge of art
and took delight in attractive things. These cannot have
been produced by supposedly primitive beings. |
Found in the Blombos caves were pieces of ochre dating back 80-100,000
years. It was conjectured that they were used for painting the
body and in other works of art. Prior to this discovery, scientists
had suggested that evidence of the human capacity for thought,
understanding and production had emerged 35,000 years ago at the
earliest. These new findings totally demolished that supposition.
People of that time, whom evolutionists had described as primitive
and even as semi-apes, possessed the ability to understand and
produce, just like modern humans.
Stunning Pictures in the Chauvet Cave
Paintings discovered in the Chauvet Cave in
1994 caused an enormous reaction in the scientific world. Before
that, works of art in Ardèche, the 20,000-year-old images
at Lascaux and the 17,000-year-old works in Altamira in Spain
had all attracted considerable attention. But the images in Chauvet
were a great deal older than these. Carbon-dating revealed that
these paintings were around 35,000 years old. The following comment
appeared in National Geographic magazine:
The first photographs captivated specialists
and the public alike. For decades scholars had theorized that
art had advanced in slow stages from primitive scratchings to
lively, naturalistic renderings… Approximately
twice as old as those in the more famous caves, Chauvet’s
images represented not the culmination of prehistoric art but its
earliest known beginnings.10

The “Horse Panel” in the Chauvet Cave is a wall
painting some 6 meters in length. This astonishingly beautiful
painting shows attacking rhinoceroses, thick maned horses,
bison, lions and a kind of long-necked buffalo. Such highly
developed art at a time when evolutionists expect to see
only primitive pictures is something that cannot be explained
in terms of Darwinist claims. |
|
In the face of the highly developed artistic understanding
in cave paintings, National Geographic magazine
described the artists who made them as “People Like
Us.” |
 |
Left: A picture of a leopard
in the Chauvet Cave, made using red dye. |
Abovet: A cross-section of the 6-meter panel.
|
16,500-Year-Old Astronomical Plans in Lascaux
As a result of his studies, Dr. Michael Rappengluck,
a researcher from Munich University, revealed that the pictures
painted on the walls of the famous Lascaux Caves in central France
had an astronomical significance. He reconstructed the figures
on the cave walls on computer, using the photogrammetry technique,
which showed that the geometrical curves, circles, angles and
straight lines that emerged might all have a special significance.
All values relating to ecliptic angle, the angle of deviation
of the equinox, the regular movements of the stars, the diameter
and radius of the Sun and Moon, and the distortions and curvature
in the universe were added to the computer’s calculations.
As a result, these lines were seen to refer to various constellations
of stars and specific lunar motions. BBC News reported the following
information in its Science section:
A prehistoric map of the night sky has been
discovered on the walls of the famous painted caves at Lascaux
in central France. The map, which is thought to date back 16,500
years, shows three bright stars known today as the Summer Triangle.
A map of the Pleiades star cluster has also been found among
the Lascaux frescoes… Discovered
in 1940, the walls show the artistic talents of our distant ancestors.
But the drawings may also demonstrate their scientific knowledge
as well.11

According to scientific research, the dots
in the lower part of the horse picture show the 29-day orbit
of the moon.
The 13-dot line under a picture of a deer represents
half
the monthly orbit of the Moon.
|
According to Darwinists’ claims, the people who painted
these pictures had only just descended from the trees. Their intellectual
development had not yet even started. However, both these pictures’ artistic
value and results of the latest research totally invalidate these
claims. Whoever left these pictures possessed a very superior aesthetic
understanding, a developed artistic technique—and scientific
knowledge.
Figures of Cows in the Lascaux Cave


Figures of Bison in the Lascaux Cave


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|
Left: North wall of the Rotunda from the
Lascaux Cave
Top: 17,000-year-old animal figures from the
Lascaux Cave
Below: Figure of a horse
Movement and vitality and perfectly depicted
in these paintings, which are highly attractive and of
a quality equal to that of people who have received an
academic training. It is impossible to say that anyone
who produced such images was mentally undeveloped |

A report on the BBC web site, titled “Oldest
lunar calendar identified,” contained information
that once again refuted the Darwinist claim of the “evolution
of societies.”
|
Reliefs and Pictures in North Africa Amaze
Evolutionists
These giraffe reliefs, some 7,000 years old, were created so perfectly
as to give the impression that the herd is in motion. Clearly,
this image is the work of thinking people, capable of making judgments
and expressing themselves, and with an understanding of art.
This 7,000-year-old picture also shows a man playing a musical
instrument. The recent photograph to the side shows a member of
the Dzu tribe from Botswana playing a similar instrument. The fact
is, a musical instrument similar to that used 7,000 years ago is
still in use today! This is another striking example that demolishes
Darwinist claims. Civilization does not always advance, as Darwinists
maintain; sometimes it may remain the same for thousands of years.
While this man keeps playing a venerable instrument that has existed
for the past 7,000 years, on the other side of the world, digital
symphonies are being composed using the most advanced computer
technology. And both cultures co-exist at the same time.
|
The figure of a human being playing a whistle in the 7,000-year-old
picture above shows that the people of the time possessed
a culture and a knowledge of music, and that they were
therefore mentally developed and civilized. The picture
below shows a member of one of the present-day natives
of Botswana playing a similar instrument. |
Catal Huyuk, Regarded as the First City
in History,
Refutes Evolution
Generally agreed to date back to 9,000 BC, Catal Huyuk is described
as one of the first cities known to history. Its first discoveries
initiated great debates in the world of archaeology, proving the
invalidity of evolutionist claims once again. The archaeologist
James Mellart describes how the advanced state of the region quite
amazed him:
The amount of technological specialization at Catal Huyuk is one
of the striking features in this highly developed society which
was obviously in the vanguard of Neolithic progress . . . How for
example, did they polish a mirror of obsidian, a hard volcanic
glass, without scratching it and how did they drill holes through
stone beads (including obsidian), holes so small that no find modern
steel needle can penetrate? When and where did they learn to smelt
copper and lead . . . ? 12
These findings showed that the inhabitants of
Catal Huyuk possessed an understanding of urban life, were capable
of planning, design and calculation, and that their artistic
understanding was far more advanced than had been thought. Professor
Ian Hodder, current leader of the excavation team, states that
these findings obtained totally invalidate evolutionist claims.
He says that they have unearthed an astonishing art whose origins
were unclear and notes that it was very difficult to account
for the geographical position of Catal Huyuk—which, according
to Hodder, has no direct geographical link to areas known to
be settled at the time. The frescoes discovered are very advanced
for the period. He says that after enquiring why and how these
people attained such an elevated artistic level, the real question
is how the group of people achieved such a stunning cultural
success. So far as we know, he says, there was no evolution in
the cultural development achieved at Catal Huyuk, where such
major works of art emerged spontaneously and from nothing. 13
400,000-Year-Old Spears That Astonished Evolutionists
In 1995, the German archaeologist Hartmut Thieme
discovered a number of wooden remains in Schöningen, Germany. These had
been carefully crafted spears—in other words, the world’s
oldest known hunting tools. This discovery came as a great surprise
to evolutionists, in whose view big-game hunting occurred about
40,000 years ago, when modern humans supposedly first appeared.
To make the Clacton and Lehringen spears, which had been found
earlier, fit with the evolutionary lie, they had been downgraded
to digging-sticks or snow-probes.14
Actually, however, the Schöningen spears went back a great
deal further—to around 400,000 years ago. In addition, their
age was so certain that Robin Dennell, one of the Sheffield University
archaeologists whose paper was published in Nature magazine,
stated that it was impossible to alter their date or to engage
in false interpretation of them:
But the Schöningen discoveries are unambiguously
spears: to regard them as snow-probes or digging-sticks is like
claiming that power drills are paperweights.15
One reason why these spears so surprised evolutionist
scientists is the misconception that the supposedly primitive
humans of that time lacked the ability to manufacture such objects.
Yet these spears are the product of a mind able to calculate
and plan in stages. The trunk of a spruce tree around 30 years
old was used for each spear, and its tip was made from the base,
where the wood is hardest. Each spear was designed in equal proportions
and—just
as with modern criteria—its center of gravity was one-third
of the way back from the tip.
In the face of all this information, Robin Dennell comments:
These represent considerable investment of time
and skill—in
selecting an appropriate tree, in roughing out the design and in
the final stages of shaping. In other words, these hominids were
not living within a spontaneous ‘five-minute culture’,
acting opportunistically in response to immediate situations. Rather,
we see considerable depth of planning, sophistication of design,
and patience in carving the wood, all of which have been attributed
only to modern humans.16
Thieme, who discovered the spears, says:
The use of sophisticated spears as early as the Middle Pleistocene
may mean that many current theories on early human behaviour and
culture must be revised.17
As Hartmut Thieme and Robin Dennell state, Darwinist claims concerning
the history of mankind do not reflect the facts. The truth is,
mankind never underwent evolution. Backward civilizations and highly
developed advanced ones both existed in the past.
Traces of Civilization on Göbekli Tepe

The T-shaped stones found at Göbekli Tepe. Some have images
of lions on them. |
Scientists described as “extraordinary and peerless” the
findings obtained during excavations on Göbekli Tepe near
Urfa, Turkey. These were giant, T-shaped pillars, taller than a
man and 20 meters in diameter, with carved animal reliefs on them.
They had been arranged in a circle. The feature that truly impressed
the scientific world was the age of the site, which had been constructed
11,000 years ago. According to the evolutionists’ claim,
the people of the time must have constructed this imposing site
using only primitive stone tools. According to this misconception,
the engineering marvel in question was the work of hunter-gatherers
using the most primitive implements 11,000 years ago. This, of
course, is quite unbelievable. Professor Klaus Schmidt, leader
of the excavation team on Göbekli Tepe sets out this fact
stating that people alive at that time appear to have had the capacity
for thought. Contrary to what is imagined, Schmidt states, these
people were not primitive and must not be regarded as ape-like
creatures, recently descended from the trees and attempting to
construct a civilization. In terms of intelligence, they appear
to have been just like us. 18
Schmidt, an archaeologist, carried out a small experiment to determine
how those giant pillars could have been transported under the conditions
of the time, and how they were shaped. He and his team sought to
carve a giant block of rock without the assistance of machinery,
using only the primitive tools that prehistoric humans must have
used. Then they attempted to carry it a short distance. Part of
the team began working on the stone with logs, ropes and muscle
power, making simple and natural winches. Meanwhile, others attempted
to create a cavity in the base using stone hand-tools, just like
the master masons of 9,000 years ago. (The evolutionist view of
history believes that since there were no iron implements in those
days, Stone-Age men used hard flints.)
The workers trying to carve the stone labored non-stop for two
hours, and all they obtained was a vague line. The team trying
to move the stone block weighing the same as 12 men worked hard
for four hours, but only managed to move seven meters, or roughly
20 feet. This simple experiment revealed that hundreds of workers
would have to labor for months to form a single circular area of
stones. Clearly, people of that time must have used highly advanced
expertise, rather than the primitive methods suggested by evolutionist
scientists.
Another inconsistency in the evolutionist timeline
is that they name the period when these works were produced the “pre-pottery
Neolithic Age.” According to this unrealistic interpretation,
people of that time hadn’t yet achieved the technology to
make pottery. Knowing that they made statues, transported giant
stones, turned them into attractive pillars, carved reliefs of
animals on them, decorated their walls with pictures and employed
engineering and architectural knowledge, can we claim they didn’t
know how to make earthenware pots?
The period these objects belong to is that referred to
as the “stone age” by evolutionists, in which
they claim that only stone tools were used. The objects
discovered show, however, that this is untrue. It is obvious
that the designs on the rock cannot be produced, and the
statue cannot be created, merely by using stones. The accurate
animal figure on the rock cannot be obtained hitting stones
together, and neither can the statue’s eyes, nose
and mouth.
Statue of a wild boar unearthed during the excavations
at Göbekli Tepe.
Lion motifs carved into some pillars in the area.
A human statue found at Göbekli Tepe.
|

Potteries are one of the most frequently encountered traces
left behind by people who lived in the past. Many people
today still make a living by making such pots. If only a
few pot fragments were to survive from our own day, and if
scientists of the future found these and suggested that we
had a civilization that was still ignorant of metal-working,
how accurate would that claim be? |
That deceptive claim is persistently reiterated only to defend
evolutionist preconceptions. No doubt the artifacts in question
show that their makers possessed far more advanced knowledge, technology
and civilization than was previously imagined. This in turn reveals
that they were not all as primitive as claimed. Indeed, an article
in the Turkish magazine Bilim ve Teknik says that the Göbekli
Tepe discoveries expose a widespread misconception regarding the
history of mankind: “These new data reveal a major misconception
with regard to humanity’s history.” 19 That
error lies in interpreting history in the light of the evolution
deception.
Dental Treatment Using Professional Techniques
8,000 Years
Ago
That is some of the news of the cities which We relate
to you. Some of them are still standing, while others are
now just stubble. (Qur’an, 11:100)

|
Excavation carried out in Pakistan revealed
that more than 8,000 years ago, dentists drilled teeth to remove
decay. During the digs, Professor Andrea Cucina of the University
of Missouri-Columbia noticed tiny holes, around 2.5 mm in diameter,
on molars between 8,000 and 9000 years old. Impressed by the
perfection of these holes, Cucina expanded his research by having
his team examine the holes under an electron microscope. They
found these tiny holes’ sides
were too perfectly rounded to be caused by bacteria. In other words,
these were not natural cavities, but the result of artificial intervention,
for the purposes of treatment. None of the teeth showed any sign
of decay. That, as New Scientist magazine put it, "could
simply be testimony to the skill of the prehistoric dentists." 20
At this time, according to the evolutionist doctrine,, human beings
had only recently diverged from apes. They were living under exceedingly
primitive conditions and had only just learned to make earthenware
pots, and then only in certain regions. How did people in such
primitive circumstances manage to drill such perfect cavities in
teeth that required dental treatment, even though they possessed
no technology? Evidently these people were not primitive, and neither
were the conditions in which they lived. On the contrary, they
possessed the knowledge to diagnose disease and produce methods
of treatment, and the technical means to use these methods successfully.
Once again, this invalidates the Darwinist claim that societies
evolve from the primitive to the modern.
Ancient People’s Passion for Music
The interest that people living some 100,000
years ago displayed in music is another indication that they
shared almost the exact same tastes as we do today. The oldest
known musical instrument, recovered at Haua Fteah, Libya, is
a fossil flute made out of a bird’s bone and estimated
at between 70,000 and 80,000 years old. 21Prolom II
is a site from the Eastern Crimea where 41 phalange whistles were
found. 22This site
dates back to between 90,000 and 100,000 years ago.23
However, the musical knowledge of the people
from that time goes still further. Musicologist Bob Fink analyzed
a different flute, made from a bear’s thighbone, found in July 1995 by the archaeologist
Ivan Turk in a cave in northern Yugoslavia. Fink proved that this
flute, determined by radiocarbon tests to be between 43,000 and
67,000 years old, produced four notes, and had half and full tones.
This discovery shows that Neanderthals used the seven-note scale—the
basic formula of today’s Western music. Examining the flute,
Fink saw that the distance between its second and third holes was
double that between the third and fourth. This means that the first
distance represents a whole tone, and the distance next to it a
half-tone. Fink wrote, “These three notes . . . are inescapably
diatonic and will sound like a near-perfect fit within any kind
of standard diatonic scale, modern or antique.” This reveals
that Neanderthals were people with an ear for and knowledge of
music. 24
 This flute, made by people of the Neanderthal race, shows
that people at that time used the 7-note scale that forms
the basis of Western music. Making a flute calls for one
set of information, culture and ability, and playing one
for another set.
|
These artifacts and archaeological discoveries
raise a number of questions that Darwinism, which maintains that
human beings and apes are descended from a common ancestor, cannot
answer. For example, as for the ape-like creatures they claim
lived tens of thousands of years ago, merely grunting and living
an animal lifestyle—why
and how did they begin to become social beings? This is a major
dilemma for evolutionists. The theory of evolution has no scientific
and rational answers as to why these ape-like creatures descended
from the trees to the ground, how they managed to stand on two
legs, and how their intelligence and abilities developed. The “explanations” are
nothing more than preconceptions and fairy tales based solely on
fantasy.
How did monkeys leaping from branch to branch
decide to descend to the ground? If you ask evolutionists, they
will say that this was because of climatic factors. The theory
of evolution won’t
be able to provide a rational and logical answer to the first questions
that come to mind. Why did other monkey choose to remain in the
branches when they could have imitated these ones who descended
to the ground? Or, why did these climatic factors influence only
some apes? or What prevented other apes from descending from the
trees under the same climatic influences? If you ask how it was
that monkeys descended to the ground and began to walk on two legs,
evolutionists will provide different accounts. Some will say, for
instance, that these ape-like creatures decided to walk upright
on two legs, the better to scout for powerful enemies. Yet none
of these answers are scientific.
First and foremost, there is no such thing as
the evolution of bipedalism. Human beings walk upright on two
feet—a very
special form of locomotion not seen in any other species. One most
important point that needs to be clarified is that bipedalism is
not an evolutionary advantage. The way monkeys move is much easier,
faster, and more efficient than man's bipedal stride.

Implements made out of iron or steel need to be used in
order to shape stone. Societies in the past used such devices
to shape stone, just as present-day ones do.
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Man cannot move by jumping from tree to tree like a chimpanzee,
nor run at a speed of 125 kilometers per hour like a cheetah. On
the contrary, since we walk on two feet, we move much more slowly
on the ground. For the same reason, we are one of the least protected
of all species in nature. According to the logic of the theory
of evolution, monkeys should not have been inclined to adopt a
bipedal stride. Instead, humans should have become quadrupedal
in order to survive and become the fittest.
Another impasse for evolutionary claims is that
bipedalism does not serve Darwinism’s “gradual development” model,
which constitutes the basis of evolution and requires that there
should be a “compound” or missing-link stride between
bipedalism and quadrupedalism. However, with the computerized research
he conducted in 1996, the British paleoanthropologist Robin Crompton
showed that such a compound stride was not possible. Crompton reached
the conclusion that a living being can either walk upright, or
on all fours. 25 Any
type of “hybrid” stride between the two is impossible
because it would involve excessive energy consumption. Thus a half-bipedal
being cannot exist.
How did supposedly primitive beings develop intelligent social
behavior? The answer, according to evolutionist nonsense, is that
by living in groups, they thus developed intelligent and social
behavior. Yet gorillas, chimpanzees, monkeys and many other animal
species also live in groups or herds; and none of these has developed
intelligent and social behavior in the way that humans have. None
of them have constructed monuments, taken any interest in astronomy
or created works of art; because intelligent creative behavior
is unique to human beings. All those artifacts that have survived
from the past were made by humans with real artistic ability. The
idea that these people lived under primitive conditions is refuted
by archaeological facts.
Evolutionists Have No Scientific Evidence
To Back Up Their Theories
Evolutionists admit that there is no evidence to support
their claim that human beings and apes are descended from
a common ancestor, and asked how this evolution might have
come about they respond, totally unscientifically, “We
do not know, though we hope to one day.” For example,
the evolutionist palaeoanthropologist Elaine Morgan makes
this admission:
Four of the most outstanding mysteries about
[the evolution of] humans are: 1) why do they walk on two
legs? 2) why have they lost their fur? 3) why have they
developed such large brains? 4) why did they learn to speak?
The orthodox answers to these questions are:
1) 'We do not yet know'; 2) 'We do not yet know'; 3) 'We
do not yet know'; 4) 'We do not yet know'. The list of
questions could be considerably lengthened without affecting
the monotony of the answers. (Elaine Morgan, The Scars
of Evolution, New York: Oxford University Press, 1994,
p. 5.) |
Findings That Refute the Evolutionist Picture
of
Mankind’s
History
Evidence provided in The Hidden History of the Human Race:
Forbidden Archeology, by the archaeologists Michael A. Cremo
and Richard L. Thompson, overturns the picture of the evolution
of mankind as advocated by evolutionists. This book documents
remains from totally unexpected—from the evolutionist viewpoint—periods
in history. In the 1950s, for example, Thomas E. Lee, an anthropologist
at the National Museum of Canada, carried out excavations at
Sheguiandah, on Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron. There he found
implements in a layer of glacial till, a deposit of sand and
gravel left by receding glaciers. When it emerged that these
were between 65,000 and 125,000 years old, the publication of
the results of his research was postponed—because, according
to the misconception dominating the scientific world, human beings
had first arrived in North America from Siberia only 120,000
years ago, and it was impossible to claim that this happened
any earlier.
Another example provided in the book is archaeologist Carlos Ameghino,
who discovered stone tools in an undisturbed 3-million-year-old
Pliocene formation at Miramar, Argentina. From the same layers,
he extracted the femur of a toxodon, an extinct South American
hoofed mammal. Embedded in the femur was a stone arrowhead or lance
point. Later, another researcher found a piece of a human jawbone
in the same formation. Yet according to Darwinists, human beings
capable of making stone balls and arrowheads emerged only 100,000
to 150,000 years ago. Therefore, any bones and arrowheads dating
back 3 million years are phenomena that evolutionists are unable
to explain. This shows, yet again, that the theory of evolution
is incompatible with the scientific facts. 26
In his book Ancient Traces, the British researcher and
writer Michael Baigent describes how a gold chain between 260 and
320 million years old was discovered in 1891. It emerged
that this chain was of eight-carat gold, which is eight parts gold
mixed with sixteen parts of another metal. The middle of the chain,—which
emerged from inside a piece of coal—was loosened, although
the two ends were firmly embedded. Excellent imprints of the loosened
section remained in the coal. All this shows that the chain had
to be as old as the coal itself. The age of the coal seams in which
the chain was found was 260 to 320 million years.27 The
discovery of a gold chain, from a time when evolutionists maintain
that human beings did not yet even exist, totally demolished the
history of mankind they’ve drawn up.
The fact that a society uses jewelry and produces
decorative items is proof that its citizens enjoyed a civilized
life. Moreover, making a gold chain requires both technical expertise
and equipment. No regular gold chain can be made from gold ore
using stone tools alone. It’s obvious that people living
millions of years before our own day knew about jewelry-making
and took pleasure from beautiful things.
Another finding that overturns the theory of
historical evolution is a piece of a nail estimated to be 387
million years old. According to a report by Sir David Brewster
of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, the
nail was found in a piece of sandstone. The seam from which the
stone was taken dates back to the Early Devonian Period— making
it around 387 million years old.28
These findings, of which a great many more could be given, show
that man is not a half-animal organism, as evolutionists would
have us believe, and has never led an animalistic life. After listing
similar examples, Michael Baigent goes on to make the following
comment:
. . . clearly there is no possibility that any
of this data can be accommodated into the conventional scientific
understanding of the earth’s history. . . In fact, this evidence—if
it can be substantiated even in just one of the cases we have reviewed—indicates
that humans, in a modern form, have been walking upon this planet
for a very long time indeed. 29
The history of archaeology is full of such discoveries,
in the face of which the “conventional” evolutionist mindset
that Baigent describes is in a hopeless situation. But the evolutionist
mindset also carefully keeps these important specimens away from
the public’s gaze, and ignores them itself. No matter how
much Darwinists strive to keep their ideology alive, the mounting
evidence shows that evolution is a lie and that Creation is a fact
that cannot be denied. God created Man out of nothing, breathed
His spirit into him, and taught him what he did not know. Through
God’s inspiration, man has lived a human life ever since
he first came into existence.
Discoveries at the “Ein Gev I” Excavations
Refute the Thesis of the Evolution of History
Research reveals that humans living thousands
of years ago used implements similar to those used in rural areas
today. Millstones for grinding cereals, a stone mortar and sickles
were found in the foundations of a hut that dates back to 15,000
BCE at the excavation site known as “Ein Gev I” in
present-day Palestine. The oldest of these implements date back
to before 50,000 BCE. 30
All the objects found in these digs reveal that
mankind’s
needs have remained much the same at all times. The solutions Man
has developed have been very similar to one another, in direct
proportion to the technology of the time. Tools for harvesting
and grinding cereals—the same implements most needed in rural
areas today—were also used in the period in question.
5 Roger Lewin, The Origin of Modern Humans,
New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1993, p. 116.
6 Claire Imber, “Ape-Man: Origin of Sophistication,”
BBC News, 22 February 2000, online at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/650095.stm
7 Lewin, The Origin of Modern Humans, p. 148-149.
8 Ibid., p. 149.
9 Dr. David Whitehouse, “‘Oldest’ Prehistoric
Art Unearthed,” BBC News, 10 January 2002, online at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/1753326.stm
10 Jean Clottes, “Chauvet Cave: France’s Magical Ice
Age Art,” National Geographic magazine, August 2001, p. 156.
11 Dr. David Whitehouse, “Ice Age Star Map Discovered,”
BBC News, 9 August 2000, online at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/871930.stm
12 http://www.goldenageproject.org.uk/108catalhuyuk.html
13 Fenomen, 15 September 1997, p. 45.
14 Robin Dennell, “The World's Oldest Spears,” Nature,
Vol. 385, 27 Feb. 1997, p. 767. 
15 Ibid.
16 Ibid., p. 768.
17 Hartmut Thieme, “Lower Palaeolithic Hunting Spears from
Germany,” Nature, Vol. 385, 27 Feb. 1997, p. 807.
18 Tas Devrinde Yasam (“Life in the Stone Age”), Terra
X Documentary Film, TRT. 
19 Bilim ve Teknik (“Science and Technology”), September
2000.
20 Philip Cohen, “Open Wide,” New Scientist, Issue 2286,
14 April 2001, p. 19.
21 Glynn Isaac, Barbara Isaac, The Archaeology
of Human Origins, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989),
p. 71; C.B.M. McBurney, Haua Fteah (Cyrenaica), (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1967), p. 90.
22 Vadim N. Stpanchuk, "Prolom II, A Middle Palaeolithic Cave
Site in the Eastern Crimea with Non-Utilitarian Bone Artefacts,"
Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 59, 1993, pp. 17-37, pp.
33-34.
23 Paul Mellars, The Neanderthal Legacy, (Princeton: University
Press, 1996), p. 17; Vadim N. Stpanchuk, "Prolom II, A Middle
Palaeolithic Cave Site in the Eastern Crimea with Non-Utilitarian
Bone Artefacts," Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 59,
1993, pp. 17-37, p. 17.
24 "Neandertals Lived Harmoniously," The AAAS Science
News Service, 3 April 1997.
25 Ruth Henke, "Aufrecht aus den Baumen," Focus, Vol.
39, 1996, p. 178.
26 Chi, April 2005, p. 46.
27 John Baines and Jaromir Malek, Eski Misir Medeniyeti, Iletisim
Yayinlari, Istanbul, 1986, Introduction.
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